Desciptive Text

Text description of the text that aims to describe an object, place, or a particular person.

• Descriptive text
Descriptive writing or text is usually also used to help writer develop an aspect of their work, e.g. to create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that the reader cancreate vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc.
• The sosial function
The social function of descriptive text is so describe a particular person, place, or things.

It has tehe following characteristic.
Feature:
 The topic is usually about the attributes of a thing
 Third person pronoun forms are used
 Fucus in specific participant
 Use simple present tense

The structure of the text descriptive:
 Identification : introduction of what and who will be in the description.
 Description : contains a special feature which is owned object, place, or person described.

Example:

My house is on Jalan Kartini.. It is big a nice. It has two floors. It has a living room, a small kitchen and a bathroom on the firs floor. On the second floor there are three bedrooms an a bathroom. My parents bedroom is big. My brother’s room is next to my room. My room is small but I like it.
It has light green wall. There is a desk with a computer on it. I do homework there. There is also a nice garden in front of my house and I often play in the garden. We love our house.

Prepotition In, On, At

Preposition Usage:

in You use ‘in’ with periods of times and places.
Ex :
Ω in May
Ω in winter
Ω in New York

on You use ‘on’ with specific days
Ex :
 on Sunday
 on June 7

NOTE : America English : on the weekend OR on Weekends

at You use ‘at’ with specific times and specific places
Ex :
 At 6 o’clock
 At 6.00 a.m
 At night
 At school

NOTE : British English : at the weekend OR at Weekends

Of Its mean belonging to, relating to, or being part of something.
You use ‘of’ with noun and –ing forms
Ex :
a. The legs of the table
b. Of studying

Off Ex :
a) Get off
b) Put off
c) Off the glass

After/before Ex :
 Before winter
 Before June
 After summer
 After lunch time

For Ex :
 For one hour
 For a week
 For ages

From Ex :
From india
From 7 a.m until 9 a.m

During Ex :
 During our holiday
 During at night

Vocabulary Around The House

Attic
• basement
• bathroom
• bathtub
• bed
• bedroom
• blanket
• book shelf
• ceiling
• chair
• chest of drawers
• closet
• coffee table
• couch
• cupboard
• desk
• door
• dryer
• entrance
• floor
• furniture
• garden
• hallway
• house
• kitchen
• living room
• microwave
• mirror
• oven
• pillow
• radio
• refrigerator
• rocking chair
• room
• sink
• stove
• table
• television
• toilet
• vacuum cleaner
• wall
• washer
• window
Other Rooms
Ballroom: A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room: A small room used for storage.
Cellar Underneath the house.
Cloakroom: A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory: A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room: A room where people eat.
Drawing Room: A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room: A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall The entrance passage to a house.
Larder: A small room used for the storage of food.
Library: A room where books are kept.
Lounge Another name for living room.
Music Room: A room where people play music.
Office A room where people work.
Pantry: A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room Another name for living room.
Spare Room/Guest Room: A room where guests sleep.
Toilet: A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)

Things you may find around the house

light bulb(s) plug(s) socket(s) torch(es)
ceiling light(s) lamp(s) curtain(s) lock(s)
key(s) shelf (shelves) (tele)phone(s) box(es)
plug(s) battery (batteries) photo(graph)(s)
Bathroom Furniture

chair(s) basin(s) bath(s) toilet(s) / loo(s)

Other things you may find in a bathroom
toilet roll(s) / loo roll(s) toilet brush(es) / loo brush(es) hairdryer (hairdriers) toothbrush(es)
shaving foam razor(s) toilet seat(s) / loo seat(s) bin(s)
towel(s)
Things we do in the bathroom
People have a shave in the bathroom.
People brush their teeth in the bathroom.
People take a shower in the bathroom

Bedroom Furniture

bed(s) bedside cabinet(s) bedside table(s)
dressing table(s) wardrobe(s) chest of drawer(s)
Other things you may find in a bedroom
brush(es) comb(s) hair dryer(s)
pillow(s) sheet(s) clothes
Things we do in the bedroom
People listen to music in the bedroom.
People sleep in the bedroom.
Living room furniture

settee(s) armchair(s) coffee table(s) display cabinet(s)
hifi stand(s) tv cabinet(s)
Other things you may in a living room
television(s) / TV(s) HiFi(s) speaker(s)
cushion(s) rug(s)

Things we do in the living room
People watch TV in the living room.
People sit and read a book in the living room.

Offering

Offering to older people:
Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Green?
Should I get you a bottle of water?
Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Lina?
Would you care for some salad?

Accepting an offer:
Thank you
Yes, please
I’d like it very much
Thank you, I would
That would be very nice

Declining an offer:
No, thanks.
No, I really won’t. Thank you.
Not for me, thanks.
No, thanks. I’m not hungry.

Noun Phrases

Noun
 Noun is a word that names a person, animals, place, thing, idea, or concept, or anything considered as noun.
 See the noun examples :
1. Persons : girl,boy, instructor, student, president.
2. Animals : Dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish, bear.
3. Places : Gym, store, school, lake Minnetonka, Village, Europe.
4. Things : Computer, pen, notebook, mailbox, buss.
5. Ideas : Liberty, attention, compassion, workship.
 The function of noun in sentences:
1. Subject of the sentences
2. Predicate noun (also predicate nominative or subjective complement)
3. Appositive (noun in apposition)
4. Direct object of a verb
5. Indirect object of a verb
6. Object of the preposition
7. Object complement (Objective complement)
 Gerunds can also be classified as noun
For example :
I like best is reading religious book.
The word is ‘reading religious book’ is a gerund

 Noun Phrase are phrases that function in the same way as nouns (subjects, direct subjects or indirect objects)
Noun phrases is a group word that does the work of a noun. A noun Phrases a either a pronoun or any group of words that can be replaced by a pronoun.

Finite Verbs

 Definition of finite verb :
a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verbs in a sentences. It shows tense (past/present, etc) or number (singular/plural), A finite verb makes an assertion or expresses a state of being and can stand by itself as the main verb of a sentence.
Example of finite verb
I cook, she reads, Anto went
Dina has eaten when Ria come in, By itself, the verb form eaten is called a non-finite verb When the auxiliary has and the non-finite verb eaten are put together, they make up a finite verb form has eaten.
Tamara was walking. Walking is non-finite and was is to be. When they are put together, they make up finite form was walking
 Definition of non-finite verb :
a verb has no subject, tense, or number. The only finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle (present/past), nonfinite verbs must ordinarily combine with a modal , an auxiliary verb, or the infinitival particle to.
Example of nonfinite verb
 Verbs ending in -ing. These are called present participles, they were cooking in Sinta’s house.
 This non-finite verb form end in -ed; many also end in en. These are called past participles. I have written my letter ( the past participle written is non-finite and can’t be the main verb).
 Talking is the children’s favorite pastime. ( talking is a gerund, verb to be noun)
I can’t afford to go out tonight
The infinitive can have the following forms:
 The perfect infinitive
to have + past participle
For example: to have broken, to have seen, to have saved.
This form is most commonly found in Type 3 conditional sentences, using the conditional perfect.

For example:
 If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake.
 Someone must have broken the window and climbed in.
 I would like to have seen the Taj Mahal when I was in India.
 He pretended to have seen the film.
 If I'd seen the ball I would have caught it.
He decided to go ?
She has seen the film.
will they believe you?
Having finished their work, they left.
He was feeling ill.
He left the party feeling ill.
The girl who was sitting there has gone.
The girl sitting there has gone.
The girl has gone.
They expected it to have been cancelled.

Direct & Indirect Speech

Direct Speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech). Here what a person says appears within quotation marks (“….”) and should be word for word.
Example :
My father said,”I’ll go to Bali tomorrow”.
He said, “open the door,Rahmad”
Jack said,“Watch your step,jim!”.
Heru said, “Don’t forget to mail my latter,Devi.”
Indirect Speech
Indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.
Example :
My father said that he’d go to Bali The next day.
He told Rahmat to open the door.
Jack warned jim to watch his step.
Heru reminded Devi not to forget to mail his latter.